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The National Bureau of Statistics announced that the total national grain output in 2019 will be 66.384 million tons. When harvesting grain, the moisture content is more than 20%, and the safe storage and storage of moisture should be controlled within 15%. High moisture content is easy to mold, so drying grain is a necessary means before long-term storage.
"Did you know? Unlike the small-scale planting and solar drying, the intensive operation makes the concentrated harvested grain restricted by the site and the weather, and cannot be dried in time, resulting in a loss of 5% of yield such as mildew and germination. The direct economic loss is about 18 billion to 24 billion yuan. "Tang Junjie, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and general manager of Beijing Ershang Oriental Food Group Co., Ltd. is a member of the food safety field. He mentioned food safety and bluntly applied heat pump drying. Dry technology is imperative to improve grain quality.
Heat pump drying technology has obvious advantages
"Since 2011, drying equipment that uses coal-fired hot blast stoves as the main heat source has been included in the national agricultural machinery subsidy catalog. The sales volume of grain dryers has increased rapidly from 1,500 units in 2012 to 18,700 units in 2017, 7 The annual growth rate is 12 times, and the mechanized drying rate of grain is only about 20%. "Tang Junjie said.
In recent years, coal has been changed to clean energy, and it has been banned in various places to use coal-fired hot blast stoves as heat sources. Considering China's coal-rich, oil-deficient, and gas-reduced energy status, solar energy, biomass, diesel, natural gas, and electric heating as energy alternatives have obvious defects. The use of heat pump food drying technology to replace traditional coal-fired hot air stoves is The main high energy consumption and high pollution drying technology has obvious advantages in energy saving, environmental protection and high efficiency.
Heat pump technology is to pump heat from normal temperature and ambient temperature to a high-temperature limited space through compression and heat exchange processes. Its heating efficiency is 3-7 times that of electric heating. It is an application form of traditional refrigeration and air-conditioning technology. Heat pump technology has been widely used in the field of building heating.
Thermal drying technology keeps improving
In recent years, the state has encouraged "coal to power" and applied heat pump technology in the field of traditional grain drying, which is very suitable for China's energy characteristics. Many domestic refrigeration companies have realized the value of heat pump technology for the drying of agricultural products, and have gradually applied a large number of applications from Guangdong to the north. These applications are 40% to 70% higher than the energy saving rate of traditional coal drying. The heat pump drying technology of rice and wheat in the complicated environment of Jiangsu and Zhejiang has also been promoted to a certain extent.
Beginning in 2015, in response to the problem of winter corn drying in the northeastern alpine region, the team of academician Zhou Yuan of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences proposed a multi-stage heat pump grain drying technology, and jointly developed related companies to successfully develop a tower-type grain heat pump that can work efficiently in the northeast alpine region Drying equipment. The heat pump drying system adopts a fully enclosed structure, low energy consumption during the drying process, no dust, * emissions, good quality of dried grain, bright color; in an environment of -20, the air temperature of the drying tower can reach 70 Compared with coal-fired systems, it can save more than 35% energy. Due to the relatively low drying temperature, the cracking rate, crushing rate and fatty acid value of the corn are greatly reduced after drying, and there are no baked grains, burnt grains and popcorn grains, which largely solves the traditional drying pollution. , High cost, poor quality and other problems. This technology is an internationally innovative technology.
Recommendations for the promotion of new technologies
State-owned grain reserves have established a three-level reserve system at the central, provincial, and county (city) levels. They are dominated by state-owned enterprises such as China Grain Reserve, COFCO, Hualiang, and local reserves. Most of the grain enters the national grain depot, and the "policy grain" market has obvious characteristics. It is imperative to apply heat pump drying technology to improve grain quality. Suggest for this:
One is to strengthen standards * and promote quality improvement. It is recommended to further improve the energy conservation and environmental protection standards of grain drying equipment, and encourage associations, societies, alliances and other social groups to formulate relevant standards in the field of green technology, innovative products, after-sales service, recycling, disassembly and reuse in the field of drying, and use them as energy-saving reviews , Government subsidies, project bidding, energy-saving technical transformation, inspection and certification, product promotion, market supervision and other important basis for policy measures.
The second is to set up special funds for grain heat pump drying. Focusing on the problem of large-scale drying of bulk rice, corn and wheat in China, combined with the successful cases of large-scale continuous and small batch heat pump food drying, the United Nations Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the National Food and Material Reserve Bureau, combined with the actualities of provinces and cities, established Special funds for industrialization promotion of grain heat pump drying. In the main grain production areas, with grain drying enterprises as the main body, the heat pump drying technology should be carried out before the trial. Encourage manufacturing companies to provide users with customized and precisely adapted heat pump drying systems and equipment; provide special subsidies for grain drying processing companies to apply heat pump technology for equipment update, energy saving and emission reduction, and cycle efficiency enhancement, to improve the equipment level of enterprises Improve food quality and promote sustainable industrial development.
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