Chinese and American scientists have developed miniature electro-optic modulators

Scientists from China and the United States released a report on the online edition of Nature in the UK on September 24th that they have developed a miniature, highly efficient electro-optic modulator that is faster in data transfer, lower in energy consumption and cost, and is expected to boost 5G industry development.

Electro-optic modulators are a core component of the modern communications industry and are used to convert high-speed electronic signals in computer equipment into optical signals for transmission over optical fibers.

The electro-optical modulators currently made using lithium niobate crystals require a drive voltage of 3 to 5 volts, which is much higher than the 1 volt level of a complementary MOS integrated circuit, the researchers said. As a result, the entire device needs to be equipped with a current amplifier, making the device cumbersome, expensive, and energy intensive.

Researchers at the City University of Hong Kong, Harvard University, and Nokia Bell Labs have used nanofabrication technology to develop a new lithium niobate electro-optic modulator that is about one percent larger than a conventional electro-optic modulator and can be used at 1 volt. At work, the data bandwidth is up to 100 GHz, the data transfer speed is increased to 210 gigabits per second, and the optical loss is only about one-tenth of that of existing devices.

Researchers say that the electro-optical properties of lithium niobate are best suited for making modulators, but their chemical inertness is strong and traditional chemical etching is difficult to handle. The new nanofabrication solves this problem.

The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves of the City University of Hong Kong plans to use this technology in 5G communication applications, which also has application prospects in the field of quantum photonics.

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