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Surge irrigation systems are typically managed through surge valves, automatic controllers, water pipelines, and other related equipment, with control valves and self-regulation being the core components. Surge control valves have already been commercialized abroad, while in recent years, a few sets of such irrigation equipment have been introduced into China. However, due to high costs and limited availability, these systems are mainly used for experimental research. Considering the growing importance of water-saving irrigation and automation, developing suitable surge irrigation equipment is essential. In line with the national "Ninth Five-Year" scientific project, after several years of research, a surge irrigation control valve and an automatic controller were developed, achieving initial success.
The surge irrigation system consists of two main parts: the surge control valve and the automatic controller. The surge control valve uses a bidirectional switch structure to alternate the direction of water flow, responding to instructions from the controller to regulate water supply intermittently. This feature allows the system to automatically shut off water when no longer needed, preventing over-irrigation. The valve is constructed from ferrous materials and includes a body, valve, and deceleration mechanism. The valve body resembles a tee, connecting to the water source at one end and the outlet at the other. The circular gate is sealed with a gasket and rotates around a central axis, controlled by a gearbox and motor. Airtight gearboxes are mounted on both sides, connected via a central shaft to the gate. The control unit includes a transmission mechanism, motor drive, positioning sensor, and a two-stage reducer to lower the motor speed from 3000 rpm to about 10 rpm, ensuring safe and efficient operation.
The automatic controller serves as the central command of the system, using a microcontroller (89C51) and software to receive input parameters and control the valve’s opening and closing. It features a keyboard and LED display for setting irrigation schedules, timing, and operational modes. The controller also includes a power supply system with solar panels, a battery, and voltage regulators, along with an AC charging option for reliability. The system can be manually reset or set to operate automatically, allowing for flexible control of single or dual valves. The interface between the controller and the valve is standardized for ease of use and safety.
The performance of the developed equipment has been tested in field trials. It was found that the system operates efficiently, with accurate flow switching and good water gate control. The equipment is suitable for well irrigation areas, where existing low-pressure outlets can be easily connected. However, in canal irrigation settings, the system requires sufficient pressure head and shorter pipeline lengths to meet technical requirements. The design also allows for easy mobility and maintenance, making it ideal for agricultural environments.
Overall, the development of this surge irrigation equipment marks a significant step toward promoting water-efficient irrigation in China. With further improvements in quality, materials, and affordability, the technology is expected to play a crucial role in sustainable agricultural practices. Special thanks go to Professor Cai Lingen for his guidance and support throughout this project.
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