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Whether the mineral can float depends on the wettability of the mineral surface. Most of the minerals in nature are very poorly floatable and must be reinforced with flotation agents, and this reinforcement must be selective, that is, it can only enhance the floatability of a mineral or certain minerals. And for other minerals, not only can not strengthen and sometimes weaken. In this way, the flotation behavior of minerals can be artificially controlled. The reason why flotation can be widely used in mineral processing is that it can flexibly and effectively control the flotation process through flotation reagents, and successfully separate minerals according to people's requirements, so that resources can be comprehensively utilized. Such as multiple metal sulfide ores, ore often symbiotic galena, pyrite sulphide minerals, sphalerite, yellow copper ore, the sulfide minerals have similar physical properties, processing methods and the like with a re-election is difficult to separate them . Although their natural floatability is similar, they can be successfully floated and separated by the action of flotation reagents, and four concentrates are obtained, which are sent to metallurgical and chemical enterprises to recover copper, lead, zinc, sulfur and other elements. The use of flotation reagents is the most flexible, effective, and convenient means of controlling mineral flotation. In addition, the stable large amount of bubbles obtained by the flotation reagent is also a prerequisite for efficient flotation.
There are many types of flotation reagents, including organic compounds and inorganic compounds, that is, acids and bases, and different salts. There are many classification methods for flotation drugs. The most basic method is to classify according to the use of drugs. They are usually divided into three categories, see Table 4-6-1.
(1) Collector
An organic substance that selectively acts on the surface of a mineral and makes it hydrophobic is called a collector . The collector acts on the mineral-water interface, and by increasing the hydrophobicity of the mineral, the ore particles can more firmly adhere to the bubbles and rise.
(2) Foaming agent
As a surface active substance, it is mainly concentrated in the water-air interface, which promotes the dispersion of air into small bubbles in the slurry, prevents the merger of bubbles, and improves the stability of the bubbles during mineralization and floating, and ensures that the mineralized bubbles form a foam layer after floating. Scrape out.
(3) Conditioner
It is used to adjust the effect of other chemicals (mainly collectors) and mineral surfaces, adjust the properties of the slurry, and improve the selectivity of the flotation process. There are many types of modifiers, which can be subdivided into four types:
The activator, which promotes the action of the collector and the mineral, thereby enhancing the mineral floatability agent (mostly an inorganic salt), is called activation.
The inhibitor, in contrast to the activator, can weaken the action of the collector and the mineral, thereby reducing the mineral floatability of the agent (various inorganic salts and some organic compounds), which is called inhibition.
The medium adjuster mainly adjusts the properties of the slurry to form a medium property which is favorable for some mineral flotation and which is unfavorable for other mineral flotation. For example, it is used to adjust the ion composition of the slurry, change the value of the slurry, and adjust the soluble salt. Concentration, etc.
The dispersant and the flocculant adjust the dispersion, agglomeration and flocculation of the fine mud in the slurry.
The role and classification of flotation agents is relative. Certain agents belong to this class under certain conditions and may belong to another class under another condition. For example, sodium sulfide [Na2S) is an inhibitor when flotation of non-ferrous metal sulfide ore, and is an activator when flotation of non-ferrous metal oxide ore, but it is an inhibitor when used in a large amount.
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