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Third, the prevention and control of brownback flat rat damage.
To effectively manage and prevent damage caused by brownback flat rats, a comprehensive approach should be adopted, focusing on "using forests as a foundation, protecting natural enemies, and using chemical agents wisely and prudently."
(I) Forest Management
1. Before planting trees, clearing the land in blocks helps destroy the habitat of rats, making it harder for them to hide or live there.
2. Creating mixed forests through artificial planting can form a complex environment that reduces the availability of food for rodents, hinders their breeding, and makes it difficult for them to survive. It also attracts various natural predators of forest rodents, helping to control their population.
3. In autumn, conducting thorough pruning and clearing of shrubs, weeds, and litter in young forests can destroy the hiding places of rodents, achieving a control effect of over 95%.
(II) Chemical Control
In areas with high rat density, after the first frost in autumn, when rats are actively gathering food, poisoned bait can be used to trap and kill them. To ensure safety for humans and animals, slow-acting rodenticides such as sodium anticoagulant (e.g., warfarin) or bromadiolone are typically used. The bait can be made from wheat, corn residue, or other suitable materials. The placement method involves distributing the bait in square plots spaced 5 to 10 meters apart, with about 20 grams per pile. This method can achieve a killing rate of more than 85%.
(III) Biological Control
1. Protecting natural predators of rats, such as hawks, eagles, foxes, snakes, hedgehogs, crows, and magpies, helps maintain a balanced ecosystem where these predators can thrive and naturally regulate rat populations.
2. Applying P-1 repellent or other tree protection agents on the trunks of young trees in autumn (as directed on the product label) can significantly reduce rat damage, with an effectiveness of over 95%. Additionally, applying typhoid agents to the forest floor can make rats sick and eventually die, thus preventing damage to trees.
(IV) Investigation and Calculation of Rodent Control Effectiveness
1. Mouse Trap Method Survey and Calculation
(1) Assess the effectiveness of biological rodenticides, microbial agents, and chemical methods like poison bait trapping and biological control.
(2) The survey method involves capturing mice before treatment (A) using the sandwich method, then recapturing them 7 days after treatment (B). The results are recorded in the mouse pest control effect form (see Table 3-5).
(3) Calculate the rodent control effect (C) using the formula:
$ C\% = \frac{A - B}{A} \times 100 $
2. Survey and Calculation of Infected Plant Rate
(1) Evaluate the impact of full-scale irrigation and biological repellents on rodent control.
(2) Conduct surveys to determine the infected plant rate (P1 and P2) in both treated and untreated areas 30 days after the treatment, and complete the control effect survey form (see Table 3-6).
(3) Calculate the rat-proof effect (C) using the formula:
$ C\% = \frac{P2 - P1}{P2} \times 100 $
Table 7-12: Mouse Control Effect Survey Form (a)
Forest area name, small plot name
Small class size, slope, forest age, origin, composition distribution, average number of trees per mu
Average height, diameter at breast height, branch number, crown height, crown-to-dry ratio
Hazard level, pre-catch rate, rodent density, natural enemies
Prevention and control methods
Plot number, rat traps, number of captures, daytime, total
Investigator, date of investigation
Table 7-13: Rat Control Effect Survey Form (b)
Forest area name, small plot name
Small class size, slope aspect, forest age, composition distribution, average number of trees per mu
Average height, diameter at breast height, number of shoots
Crown height ratio, area, pre-catch rate, rodent density, natural enemies
Prevention and control methods
Plot number, control area, prevention zone, total trees surveyed, plants killed, damage rate
Surveyor, date of survey
These forms help track the progress and effectiveness of rodent control efforts, ensuring that the measures taken are both efficient and sustainable. By combining different strategies—forest management, chemical control, biological control, and continuous monitoring—forests can be better protected against the destructive impact of rats.
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