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The Handan Irrigation District in Handan City, Hebei Province has been focusing on the severe shortage of water resources in Handan City in recent years. It has taken agricultural drought relief as a major event. In 1991, the Water Irrigation and Drought Control “Irrigation Experiment Center†was established in the all-irrigation area to actively explore and explore. A kind of soil moisture forecasting and reporting mechanism for water saving and drought resistance, and the use of soil drought monitoring system for accurate, timely, and rapid soil moisture data, played a very important role in correctly reflecting early drought and guiding agricultural drought resistance. The specific approach is as follows:
1 Soil moisture station setup and requirements
Luyihe Irrigation District carried out soil moisture monitoring and reporting work, and the Water Saving and Drought Control Irrigation Testing Center was responsible for the overall responsibility. There were five soil moisture monitoring stations, which were located in five sub-irrigation areas of Linyi, Matou, Feixiang, Huangkou and Lianhuakou respectively. The survey points were selected in the representative plots of the irrigated area, divided into two groups: irrigated land and dry land, and the soil drought monitoring system was used for the other tests. After the measuring points are selected, they cannot be arbitrarily changed. At the same time, the land points must not be repeated every time. The distance between them is less than 1 meter.
Every year from March 1st to November 21st each year, the monthly soil drought monitoring system is used to measure 3 times, on the 1st and 1st of every month, after the rain, or after 2 days of irrigation, the measurements are made 1 time, and the finished newspapers are finished and then finished. They were sent to the Water Division, the relevant Director, the Bureau's Anti-drought and Drought Relief Headquarters, and the water stations in the counties where the station was located.
2 Principles of Water Saving and Drought Resistance in Soil Moisture Measurement
Soil moisture has a highest, most suitable and lowest base point for crop growth. Below the lowest point, crop growth stops or even dies; above the highest point, roots suffer from hypoxia, suffocation, rot, plant growth difficulties or even death; The most suitable range, in order to maintain the crop's moisture balance, to ensure good crop growth and development.
When the water in the soil cannot meet the needs of the crop, the crop will show a state of withered ginger. The wilting coefficient (that is, the soil moisture content when the crop is permanently withering) is the lower limit of the effective moisture of the soil. The lack of water is harmful to the crop. Concentrated performance is as early as possible. The frequent occurrence of soil drought is characterized by the lack of available moisture for the soil to absorb and use. Root water absorption can not meet the needs of normal transpiration and growth of the crop. The soil moisture content falls below the wilting coefficient, and the middle loam soil is 6~8. The loam is 7-10, and the heavy loam is 9-12.
3 soil moisture measurement method and measurement efficiency
Drying method is often used to determine soil moisture content.
3.1 measuring tools: earth drill, ring knife, aluminum box, balance, calculation table.
3.2 Renqi 0 centimeters to take soil in three layers.
3.3 Put the soil sample into an aluminum box with the number and known weight, and weigh with the balance, and record the weight in the calculation table.
3.4 Fill in the calculation table the average temperature, the type of soil, the amount of rainfall, irrigation, etc. at the location of the survey.
3.5 The formula for soil moisture (soil moisture content) is as follows:
Soil moisture content = (box weight + wet soil weight) (box weight + dry soil weight) / dry soil weight.
Bandits can correctly reflect the morning sensation. According to the soil moisture content, it can not only guide drought resistance, optimize scheduling, and water-saving irrigation, but also provide scientific assurance for the successive harvest of crops. In terms of winter wheat in Handan City, past farmers believed in the harvest belief that “wheat land cannot be dried and it has been poured into wheat cultivarsâ€. Generally, it is seven or eight years of water, and it is flooded with irrigation water. The water per mu is over 80 cubic meters. Now press Soil moisture monitoring and reporting irrigation, even in dry years, only 4 times, and irrigation water per mu less than 45 cubic meters.
From the sampling results and field comparison tests, the implementation of soil moisture monitoring, mu water conservation of 40 cubic meters, mu production 27 kilograms, an increase of 8%, then å©.5 million mu of water a year to increase "million cubic meters, increase income Savings amounted to 18.08 million yuan.If the city has added soil moisture monitoring points to arable land of 10,000 mu, the annual water saving will be 2.5 billion cubic meters, equivalent to building a large reservoir, which is only the water saving effect of winter wheat. Cotton also implements soil moisture monitoring and watering, and it will also receive significant water-saving effects.
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